Cause and Effect

Cause and Effect

Introduction:

Cause and Effect:

Questions based on cause and effect test the ability of  the candidate to determine the relation between two events and examine how they are dependent on each other i.e., Which of them is the cause for the other one.The direction for different types of these question are given below.

Type-1 Directions:

Direction for questions:

Each of this questions contains a pair of events marked as 'A' and 'B'.You have to read both events and decide their nature of relationship.You have to assume that the information given in 'A' and 'B' is true and you not assume anything beyond the given information deciding the answer.

Mark answer

(1) If 'A' is effect and 'B' is its immediate and principal cause.
(2) If 'A' is the immediate and principal cause and 'B' is its effect.
(3) If  'A' is an effect but 'B' is not its immediate and principal cause.
(4) If  'B' is an effect but 'A' is not its immediate and principal cause.
(5) None of those.

Type-2 Directions:

Direction for questions:

Below in each question are given two statements (A) and (B).These statement may be either independent causes or may be effect of independent causes.One of the statement may be effect of the other statement.Read both the statement and decide which of the following answer choices correctly depict the relationship between these two statements.

Mark answer

(1) If statement (A) is the causes and statement (B) is its effect.
(2) If statement (B) is the causes and statement (A) is its effect.
(3) If both the statements (A) and (B) are independent causes.
(4) If both the statements (A) and (B) are effect of independent causes.
(5) If both the statement are effect of some common cause.

Type-1:

Example:

Event(A): Mr. Amitab Bachan received the best actor award.
Event(B):  Mr. Amitab Bachan is a good actor.

From the direction given for these questions, it is clear that, first one has to find out whether the given event are related are not.Here one event talks about award to an actor, second event talks about what kind of an actor that person is,Hence events are related events.Now, answer choice (5) is eliminated.The possibility of choice (5) being the answer arises even when the given events are related. That will be discussed ahead.Once it is found out that the events are related, one should check the chronological order in which they occurs before the effect.

If event (A) occurs before event (B), it implies that A is the cause and B is its effect.in this case choices (2) and (4) are possible answers.On the other hand if event (B) occurs before event (A),then choices (1) and (3) prevail.

After identifying the possible answer choices, the task to identify whether the cause is a principal and immediate one or not.Here we have to understanding the terms 'immediate' and ,principal,.
if a camel cannot live at the poles, it is because the weather conditions there do not suit its anatomy. If non-availability of grass is show as a cause, it is of course a cause,but it is a trivial one

Similarly, an object has to be combustible for it to get  brunt. Being combustible is a principle cause for a heap of paper to burn but it is not an immediate one.some one throwing lighted match sticks onto the heap would be the immediate cause.For a cause to be an immediate one the time frame is irrelevant .If no other intermediary cause is required then it is said to be the immediate one.increase in vehicular traffic is an immediate cause for widening the roads.But the increase in vehicular traffic does not occur overnight or in a day, still it is an immediate cause.

Choice (1) or (2) can be selected only if both the conditions,principal and immediate are satisfied.If any one or both conditions(s) is/are not satisfied then one should go for choice (3) or (4).

When it is found that the events are related,but any one of them can be a cause for the other as it cannot be determined as to which is the cause and which is the effect, choice (5) should be marked as the answer.

Observe the following events.
Even(A): Ram threw a stone at Shyam
Event(B): Ram and Shyam quarreled with each other.

Solution:
Here, event (A) could be the cause for event(B) and vice-versa.The answer for this question is choice (5).

Type-2.

If the given statement are related and they can be arranged in a chronological order, one should go for choice (1) or (2) depending on which of the two causes the other one.
If the two statement are independent of each other, but rather than being the effects of some cause they are basic events, then one should go for choice(3).

Example (2):

Statement(A): Indonesia suffered a major earth quake today.
Statement(B):The term of the Indonesia prime Minister ends by December.

Solution:

The two statements given above are independent of each other, but they lead to certain major consequences.Hence they are independent causes i.e, choice (3) is the answer.

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