Statements And Conclusions

Statements And Conclusions

Introduction:

In this type of questions a statement is given followed by some conclusions.The student is required to go through the statements meticulously and then decide which of the given conclusions follows on its basis.

 Now let us understand the basic definitions of a statement and a conclusion.

Definitions:

Statement:

A statement is a formal account of certain facts,views,problems or situations expressed in words.

Conclusions:

A conclusions is a belief or an opinion that is the result of reasoning out a given statement.It can also be defined as a proposition in an argument to which other propositions in the argument given support.

These kind of questions are designed to test the students ability in interpreting a given statement.As such a good grasp of the nuances of the English language and the ability to make a fine graded evaluation of the given statement would help in arriving at the proper conclusion.However,with regular practice and perseverance,questions of this type can be solved with ease and accuracy.

Evaluation of Conclusions:

A conclusions is said to follow the given statement if what is mentioned in the conclusion can be inferred from the given statement.We can make use of the following in evaluating the conclusions.

1)Key Words:

Words,Such as all,No,Few,Most,Must,Had to,Will be,Always,Never,Should be,May,May not. etc help in evaluating the given conclusions.

Let us consider the following examples:

Statement:

South-Asia will remain unaffected by global crisis-World Bank.

Conclusion :

Sri Lanka, a south-Asia country,may or may not face the problem caused by global crisis.

Analysis:

Sri Lanka is apart of South-Asia,hence the statement made by the World Bank is applicable to Sri Lanka as well.The word 'Will' is definitive in nature.it implies that every South-Asia country definitive remains unaffected.The words 'May or May Not' are in-definitive in nature .The effect of global crisis on Sri Lanka is uncertain, but the statement is certain,Hence the conclusion does not follow the given statement.

2)Established facts:

One can make use of the established  facts in evaluating the conclusions.Lets us consider the following examples.

Statement:

All the countries that oppose arms race should stop production of nuclear arms.

Conclusion:

India should stop producing nuclear arms.

Analysis:

It is established fact that India is one of the countries,that are in the forefront,in spreading peace and disarmament.the statement asks all such countries to stop producing nuclear arms .Hence,the conclusion follows the given statement.

3)Application of Logic:

The conclusion may not follow the given statement directly,but by application of logic we can evaluate the conclusion.let us consider the following examples:

statement:

Apprehensions about erosion in agriculturists vote bank prevented the ruling party from accepting the world

bank proposal.

Conclusion :

1.The proposal is pro-industrialists

2.The proposal ids anti-agriculturists

Analysis:

From the statement it is clear that to oppease agriculturists,India rejected the proposal,From the above, we do not know whom the proposal favors.Hence we can not conclusion that the proposal is in favor of Industrialist. Thus conclusion I.does not follow.But it can be inferred that the proposal is not in favor of agriculturists.Hence conclusion II.follows.

Directions:

In each of the following questions a statement is given followed by two conclusion I and II.

Make your answer as:

1.If only conclusion I follows.

2.If only conclusion II follows.

3.If either I or II follows.

4.If neither I or II follows.

5.If both I and II follow. 

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